organic fertilizer production line

Measures to improve composting technology and quality of compost

Although the application of garbage compost can improve the soil and promote plant production, due to the composition of the garbage itself, the process is more professional in the fertilizer manufacturing process , which will also have a potential impact on the environment. The high cost of production, transportation and application, and poor economic benefits, restrict the application and development of compost. However, as a method of waste treatment and resource recovery, economic efficiency cannot be the only criterion for measuring, but to make it a promising method of garbage treatment, improving the composting process and improving the quality of composting are the main directions for future development.

Improvement of composting process

There is a long history of composting, and there are many technical processes. The treatment cost, treatment effect and compost quality of different process methods are different. Traditional anaerobic composting uses anaerobic microorganisms to complete the decomposition reaction. Air and compost are isolated, the temperature is low, the process is relatively simple, the nitrogen storage in the product is relatively large, but the composting cycle is too long, the odor is strong, and the decomposition is not Full substance. The modern composting process is basically aerobic composting through forced ventilation.This is because aerobic composting has a high temperature and effectively kills pathogenic bacteria.The matrix is completely decomposed, the composting cycle is short, and the odor is small. Etc.

How to sort and collect garbage, which sorting equipment is needed?

Composting is a treatment technology for organic components in garbage. The wastes such as Shikuai, metal, and glass not only affect the fermentation process of compost, but also affect the quality of compost. These substances must be sorted out and treated separately. At present, China’s urban domestic waste generally adopts a mixed collection method. Although the paper, plastic, etc. in the garbage are greatly reduced after multiple pick-ups by residents, scavengers, sanitation workers, etc., the garbage still contains some non-degradable substances such as metals and waste batteries , Waste lamps, etc. At present, in the process of composting, the method of mechanical combined with manual sorting is usually adopted. The mechanical sorting methods mainly include screening, wind sorting and magnetic sorting. Taking effective measures to promote the separation and collection of municipal solid waste in China is very necessary to save the cost of compost and improve the quality of compost.

Screening and cultivation of microorganisms, how to shorten the compost maturity cycle

Composting mainly uses microorganisms to degrade organic matter, and microorganisms are the main body of the composting process. The types and number of microorganisms in compost have an important influence on the fermentation time and fertilizer efficiency of compost. There are two main sources of microorganisms in composting. On the one hand, it comes from the composting material itself. On the other hand, special microorganisms are acclimated and cultivated to inoculate compost. These strains have the characteristics of strong activity, fast reproduction, and rapid decomposition of organic matter. They can accelerate the process of compost reaction, shorten the compost reaction time, and help reduce investment and land occupation.

In China’s agricultural production, in order to increase the yield of crops, people will not hesitate to dump a large amount of chemical fertilizers (inorganic chemical fertilizers) into the farmland, and the use of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, and compound fertilizer composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is increasing, and the concentration The higher. Although this has maintained a certain effect of increasing output, year after year, the consequences are extremely serious, the main performance is as follows:

So what the benefits of the organic fertilizer manufacturing process are?

First, the soil is compacted and solid, resulting in poor soil porosity and decreasing organic matter content, which has caused many biological groups to lose space for survival in the soil and ultimately reduced soil fertility.

Second, due to soil compaction, the soil’s water storage capacity is decreasing, and the lack of groundwater has seriously affected agricultural production.

Third, due to the soil compaction, the biological population is reduced, and the farmers ’friends are striving to increase the yield of the land, so that the amount and concentration of chemical fertilizers continue to increase, resulting in the decreasing utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, only reaching 30% to 40% According to the calculation of the consumption, the loss will reach 30 billion to 40 billion yuan.

Fourth, in addition to wasting losses, a large amount of chemical fertilizers remaining in the soil continue to penetrate deep underground to form a large amount of nitrate and other compounds, causing serious pollution of groundwater, and on the other hand, it is released into the atmosphere as nitrogen oxides, making The ozone layer becomes thinner, causing ultraviolet light to affect human health and the growth of crops, and the ecological environment is severely affected.

Fifth, the use of large amounts of chemical fertilizers has reduced the quality and nutritional value of various crops. Take trace elements as an example. For half a century, the content of trace elements in some crops has dropped by about 20%, and the commodity rate of crops has declined, which seriously affects the interests of farmers and consumers and the export of crops.

In short, agricultural production cannot be at the expense of resources and the environment. It must combine high yield with high quality, low consumption with ecological security, and take the road of sustainable development of agricultural production. Otherwise, for such a long period of time, the natural ecology will be seriously unbalanced, and it will be the human beings that are damaged, and the consequences will be very serious. The use of scientific methods and the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to produce and process organic fertilizers using animal manure as raw materials, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as auxiliary fertilizers is one of the most correct ways for modern agriculture.

The agricultural machinery market has great potential for development, and of course is full of various competitions and challenges. When faced with such a realistic living environment, organic fertilizer manufacturing process has not been intimidated by the difficulties in front of it, but has embraced A positive and optimistic attitude to face everything. In fact, whether it is organic fertilizer granulator machine or others, we will encounter some difficulties during the growth process. These are inevitable and cannot be avoided. Therefore, organic fertilizer equipment is in Faced with these situations, I did not choose to escape, but faced it positively, and saw it as a test of myself, a powerful motivation to promote myself to success.

Organic fertilizer equipment uses its own strength as a weapon against market competition. When facing problems, it will use its own strength to solve the problem and help organic fertilizer equipment become stronger. This shows the importance of strength for organic fertilizer equipment. After a long-term development of organic fertilizer equipment, we have accumulated rich experience and have a deeper and clearer understanding of the market development trend. During the long and arduous growth process, we continue to learn the current international The most selected technology on the market to meet market demand, provide the market with the most satisfactory organic fertilizer as a development goal, and constantly transform organic fertilizer equipment.

After long-term efforts, the organic fertilizer equipment has won the approval of a large number of users with good equipment and high technical level. Organic fertilizer equipment is not only a leader in technology, but the overall quality of the equipment is also quite reliable. In the process of practical application, it can exert its greatest ability, help users create greater economic value, and help the prosperity of society. 

The organic fertilizer manufacturing process firstly needs to go through the rot process of chicken manure, and then add the appropriate biological functional bacteria agent to be processed into biological organic fertilizer.

一. Production process

1. Material preparation: main material: chicken manure and fertilizer thoroughly decomposed after one fermentation; functional fermentation fungus.

2. Site selection: select a leeward and flat terrain for operation.

二. Operation requirements

1. The size of the fermentation pile is: 0.8-1 meters high, 2.0 meters wide, unlimited length.

2. The water content of the fermentation reactor is 55-65%, and the moisture loss of the fermented fertilizer in one fermentation needs to be added.

3. The average temperature in the pile is lower than 55 degrees, fermentation for 7 days, if the temperature is too high, turn the pile or spread it evenly. The temperature drops to about 30 degrees, spread out, and dry naturally.

三. Specific operation

1. Fertilizer once fermented adjusts moisture to about 60%.

2. Add the bacteria uniformly and stir the fermented fertilizer at one time, pile up naturally, don’t use a shovel to pat it. In case of rain, cover with plastic film.

3. The use amount of the secondary fermentation functional bacterial agent is 5 ‰ (that is, the added amount per ton is 5 kg).

At this time, whether the organic chicken manure is completely rotted, whether it is made into powdered organic fertilizer with simple equipment or granulated with an organic fertilizer granulator machine, the finished product can be sold.

Different kinds of microorganisms are involved in the fermentation process of plant residues in the organic fertilizer manufacturing process. Due to the changes in the raw materials and fermentation conditions of different plant residues, the number of various microorganisms is also constantly changing, so no microorganisms always dominate the plant residue fermentation process, and each environment has its own specific microorganism population. The main types of microorganisms involved in the fermentation process of plant residues are bacteria,

1) Bacteria During the aerobic fermentation process, there are a large number of bacteria. With a large specific surface area, bacteria can quickly absorb soluble substances in plant residues, allowing them to grow rapidly. In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature is low, mainly mesophilic bacteria. As the temperature of the fermentation reactor increases, mesophilic bacteria gradually decrease, and some Bacillus become the main body of bacteria.

2) Actinomycetes Actinomycetes are multi-cell hyphae bacteria that can decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. They do not have the ability of fungi to decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, but they are more resistant to high temperature and high pH than fungi. Therefore, they are the predominant flora degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during the high temperature period of fermentation.

3) Fungi. Fungi are of great significance to the fermentation and maturation of plant residues. The mesophilic fungus Geotrichum and the thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are the dominant bacterial groups in the fermentation process. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of fungi. Most fungi are mesophilic fungi, which exist in the environment of 5 ~ 37 ℃. When the temperature rises to 64 ℃, almost all fungi disappear. When the temperature drops to 60 ℃ in the late fermentation period, mesophilic and thermophilic fungi will appear again.

In short, in the fermentation process of plant residues mainly rely on the role of microorganisms, microorganisms are the main body of fermentation, its source is the natural world, the second is artificial inoculation. In the fermentation process, high temperature will kill pathogens, eggs and weed seeds in plant residues.

Current status of organic fertilizer manufacturing process abroad

The treatment of poultry manure in developed countries is usually towards industrialization, harmlessness, recycling, commercialization, compounding with large amounts of plant nutrients, crop specialization, multiple use and efficiency, simultaneous solid-liquid treatment, industrial technology,  biological treatment, and equal emphasis in the technology development. The development principle of livestock and poultry breeding is, first of all, beneficial to the use and treatment of manure. The breeding industry is mostly in the form of small and medium-sized individual farms, and the construction and design of livestock and poultry houses are conducive to the treatment of livestock and poultry manure and urine. To reduce the dilution of water to feces, which is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption in the process of manure water treatment. According to the water content of livestock and poultry manure, the treatment methods are mainly divided into dry manure removal and water flushing.

1. Dry cleaning method

(1) Compost. Use the scraping board and conveyor belt to store the feces in the empty mine site, and use them after piled. The United States and Russia use bedding grass or peat washer to transport the manure mixed with bedding to the compost yard at intervals, and use it after composting. This tradition also exists in the vast rural areas of our country. The advantage of this method is that the animal urine is absorbed by the litter, which avoids the loss of nutrients, but the loss rate of nitrogen volatilization through ammonia is relatively large, which can reach 30% to 50% of the total nitrogen. In order to avoid losses, the United States adopts high cages for raising chickens, accumulating chicken manure under the cages, covering them with straw or peat every day, and cleaning them every six months. In the United States, there is a compost production system called BIOTEC120, which was developed by Dr. Arrau after 20 years of research. It was awarded a US patent in June 1993 and was approved by the United Nations International Environmental Protection Organization. The system is composed of 10 large-scale rotating bioreactors. Through microbial fermentation, 1300 tons of feces or garbage can be processed into high-quality organic fertilizer within 72 hours. But the processing cost is expensive, and it has not been widely applied. If it can be fermented without rotation, the processing cost may be reduced.

(2) Biogas fermentation treatment. Through biogas fermentation, the odor of feces can be effectively removed. The biogas produced at the same time can be used for life and life.

Production, can achieve clean processing and renewable energy. Moreover, the biogas slurry after biogas fermentation can produce liquid fertilizer, and the biogas residue can also continue to ferment to produce organic fertilizer.

(3) Animal transformation. Through the conversion of earthworms and fly maggots into protein feed, the rest can continue to ferment to produce organic fertilizer, but this method of use is slow and the amount of processing is not much.

2. Water cleaning method

The water flushing dung is from the livestock and poultry pen. Many countries in Europe and the United States put the cleaned manure into the storage tank, and apply the liquid directly to the soil after anaerobic fermentation or biogas fermentation. The advantage is that the processing rate and utilization rate are high, but if it is transported to the field by car, the cost is not low. Even if there is a pipeline directly input into the field, it can only reduce the operating cost, and its initial investment is also high. Some countries also add some chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. to these fermented liquids to produce organic and inorganic multifunctional liquid compound fertilizers. In Japan, the solid-liquid separation method is mostly used. The separated manure is used as an organic fertilizer after rot, and the separated liquid part is used to remove the particulate part in the liquid with sand and soil filter bed, or the acidification pool method is used to promote the decomposition of organic matter. The developed countries have attached great importance to the odor of livestock and poultry manure. Most of them use physical adsorption and chemical substances to deodorize. The aeration fermentation method in Japan is very effective. After 20 h at 20-40 ℃, the odor can be all eliminate. South Korea adopts trough fermentation and oil pressure rotary agitation, which is a more advanced fecal fermentation technology in the world.

Some countries in Germany and Eastern Europe treat livestock and poultry manure water through pipelines into urban sewage treatment systems for unified treatment. In general, some advanced facilities have too high operating costs and are not widely used even in developed countries in Europe and the United States. They mainly combine traditional composting methods with artificially inserted microorganisms with strong fermentation capabilities. 

3. Treatment method of crop straw

The cropping system in Europe and the United States is different from that in China. Most of them are the annual cropping and fallow rotation system. During harvesting, a straw crusher is hung behind the combine harvester to directly return the crops to the field, or to implement no-tillage and mulch farmland. There are also farms that use straw silage or fermentation as feed to form animal manure and enter the manure fermentation process to produce an organic fertilizer system. In Europe and the United States, straw is rarely used directly to produce organic fertilizer industrially.